What will happen while using pass by reference

What will be the output of the following program?

#include<iostream.h> 
void MyFunction(int a, int b = 40)
{
    cout<< " a = "<< a << " b = " << b << endl;
}
int main()
{
    MyFunction(20, 30);
    return 0; 
}

What is the output of this program?

   #include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    const int SIZE = 10;
    class safe
    {
        private:
        int arr[SIZE];
        public:
        safe()
        {
            register int i;
            for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
            {
                arr[i] = i;
            }
        }
        int &operator[](int i)
        {
            if (i > SIZE)
            {
                cout << "Index out of bounds" <<endl;
                return arr[0];
            }
            return arr[i];
        }
    };
    int main()
    {
        safe A;
        cout << A[5];
        cout  << A[12];
        return 0;
    }

What is the output of this program?
 #include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    void Values(int n1, int n2 = 10)
    {
        using namespace std;
        cout << "1st value: " << n1;
        cout << "2nd value: " << n2;
    }
    int main()
    {
        Values(1);
        Values(3, 4);
        return 0;
    }

In C++, dynamic memory allocation is accomplished with the operator ____ 

How many parameters are required for sort_heap function?

What is the output of this program?

    #include <iostream.h>
    #include <deque.h> 
    using namespace std;
    int main ()
    {
        unsigned int i;
        deque<int> mydeque;
        mydeque.push_back ( 100 );
        mydeque.push_back ( 200 );
        mydeque.push_back ( 300 );
        for (deque<int> :: iterator it = mydeque.begin(); it != mydeque.end(); ++it)
            mydeque.clear();
        cout << ' ' << *it;
    }

To what kind of elements does non-modifying sequence algorithm can be
applied?

What do we need to do to pointer for overloading the subscript operator?

What are the advantages of passing arguments by reference?

Which of the following is false?

 Where does the exceptions are used?

What is the output of this program?

#include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    int add(int a, int b);
    int main()
    {
        int i = 5, j = 6;
        cout << add(i, j) << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    int add(int a, int b )
    {
        int sum = a + b;
        a = 7;
        return a + b;
    }

 What is the output of this program?

   #include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    #define MAX 10
    int main()
    {
        int num;
        num = ++MAX;
        cout << num;
        return 0;
    }

What is the output of this program?

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    long factorial (long a)
    {
        if (a > 1)
            return (a * factorial (a + 1));
        else
            return (1);
    }
    int main ()
    {
        long num = 3;
        cout << num << "! = " << factorial ( num );
        return 0;
    }

What is the output of this program?

     #include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    #define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b)) ? a : b)
    int main ()
    {
        float i, j;
        i = 100.1;
        j = 100.01;
        cout <<"The minimum is " << MIN(i, j) << endl;
        return 0;
    }

Given a class named Book, which of the following is not a valid constructor?

The difference between x and ‘x’ is

What is the output of this program?

#include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    #define PI 3.14159
    int main ()
    {
        float r = 2;
        float circle;
        circle = 2 * PI * r;
        cout << circle;
        return 0;
    }

What are mandatory parts in function declaration?

What is the output of this program?

    #include <iostream.h>
    using namespace std;
    void Sum(int a, int b, int & c)
    {
        a = b + c;
        b = a + c;
        c = a + b;
    }
    int main()
    {
        int x = 2, y =3;
        Sum(x, y, y);
        cout << x << " " << y;
        return 0;
    }

How many specifiers are present in access specifiers in class?

Which is used for manually writing lookup table?

Which operators are part of RTTI?